Digital technology — encompassing end-user devices, local and wide-area networks, cloud apps and services, data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT) and much more — has profoundly changed the way businesses operate. However, ‘digital transformation’ is, in many ways, an imperfect term, as it implies that some magical technology intervention can propel an organisation into a new, more efficient and more profitable state. Of course, with faultless planning, piloting, production deployment and operational management, such a rapid transformation may well be possible. But for many businesses there will be false starts, wrong turns and failures along the way, making for more incremental digital development.